Printing Is Not Supported on This Printer

Computer peripheral that prints text or graphics

In
computing, a
printer
is a
peripheral
automobile which makes a persistent representation of graphics or text, usually on
paper.
^[ane]

While most output is homo-readable, bar code printers are an case of an expanded utilise for printers.
^[two]

Different types of printers include 3D printers, inkjet printers, laser printers, and thermal printers.
^[three]

History

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The first computer printer designed was a mechanically driven apparatus past
Charles Babbage
for his
difference engine
in the 19th century; yet, his mechanical printer design was not built until 2000.
^[four]

The get-go patented printing mechanism for applying a marker medium to a recording medium or more than particularly an electrostatic inking apparatus and a method for electrostatically depositing ink on controlled areas of a receiving medium, was in 1962 past C. R. Winston, Teletype Corporation, using continuous inkjet printing. The ink was a red stamp-pad ink manufactured by Phillips Procedure Company of Rochester, NY under the proper name Clear Print. This patent (US3060429) led to the Teletype Inktronic Printer product delivered to customers in late 1966.
^[five]

The first compact, lightweight digital printer was the
EP-101, invented by Japanese company
Epson
and released in 1968, according to Epson.
<sup>[6]


[7]


[8]</sup>

The kickoff commercial printers generally used mechanisms from
electric typewriters
and
Teletype
machines. The demand for higher speed led to the evolution of new systems specifically for calculator utilise. In the 1980s there were
daisy bike
systems similar to typewriters,
line printers
that produced like output but at much college speed, and
dot-matrix
systems that could mix text and graphics but produced relatively low-quality output. The
plotter
was used for those requiring high-quality line art like
blueprints.

The introduction of the low-cost laser printer in 1984, with the showtime
HP LaserJet,
^[nine]

and the addition of
PostScript
in next year’south
Apple tree LaserWriter
gear up off a revolution in printing known every bit
desktop publishing.
^[10]

Laser printers using PostScript mixed text and graphics, like dot-matrix printers, but at quality levels formerly available only from commercial
typesetting
systems. By 1990, most uncomplicated printing tasks like fliers and brochures were now created on
personal computers
and then laser printed; expensive
showtime press
systems were being dumped every bit flake. The
HP Deskjet
of 1988 offered the same advantages equally a light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation printer in terms of flexibility, but produced somewhat lower-quality output (depending on the newspaper) from much less-expensive mechanisms. Inkjet systems apace displaced dot-matrix and daisy-wheel printers from the market. By the 2000s, loftier-quality printers of this sort had fallen nether the $100 toll point and became commonplace.

The rapid comeback of
internet
email
through the 1990s and into the 2000s has largely displaced the need for press as a ways of moving documents, and a wide diversity of reliable storage systems means that a “physical backup” is of lilliputian benefit today.

Starting around 2010,
3D printing
became an area of intense interest, assuasive the creation of physical objects with the aforementioned sort of effort as an early laser printer required to produce a brochure. These devices are in their primeval stages of evolution and take not yet become commonplace.<sup>[

commendation needed

]</sup>

Types

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Personal
printers are primarily designed to support individual users, and may be connected to only a single computer. These printers are designed for depression-volume, curt-turnaround
impress jobs, requiring minimal setup time to produce a difficult re-create of a given document. However, they are generally slow devices ranging from 6 to around 25 pages per minute (ppm), and the cost per folio is relatively high. However, this is offset by the on-need convenience. Some printers can print documents stored on
memory cards
or from
digital cameras
and
scanners.

Networked
or
shared
printers are “designed for loftier-volume, high-speed printing”. They are usually shared by many users on a
network
and tin can print at speeds of 45 to around 100 ppm.
^[11]

The
Xerox 9700
could achieve 120 ppm.

A

virtual printer

is a piece of computer software whose user interface and
API
resembles that of a printer driver, only which is not connected with a physical computer printer. A virtual printer can be used to create a file which is an prototype of the data which would be printed, for archival purposes or as input to another plan, for example to create a
PDF
or to transmit to some other arrangement or user.

A

barcode printer

is a computer peripheral for press
barcode
labels or tags that can exist attached to, or printed directly on, physical objects. Barcode printers are commonly used to characterization cartons before shipment, or to label retail items with
UPCs
or
EANs.

A

3D printer

is a device for making a three-dimensional object from a 3D model or other electronic data source through additive processes in which successive layers of material (including plastics, metals, food, cement, wood, and other materials) are laid downward under reckoner control. It is chosen a printer by analogy with an inkjet printer which produces a two-dimensional document past a similar process of depositing a layer of ink on paper.

Applied science

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The pick of print technology has a great effect on the cost of the printer and cost of operation, speed, quality and permanence of documents, and noise. Some printer technologies exercise not work with certain types of physical media, such as
carbon paper
or
transparencies.

A second aspect of printer engineering science that is often forgotten is resistance to alteration: liquid
ink, such every bit from an inkjet head or fabric ribbon, becomes captivated by the newspaper fibers, so documents printed with liquid ink are more difficult to alter than documents printed with
toner
or solid inks, which do non penetrate below the paper surface.

Cheques can exist printed with liquid ink or on special bank check paper with toner anchorage then that alterations may be detected.
^[12]

The machine-readable lower portion of a cheque must exist printed using
MICR
toner or ink. Banks and other clearing houses apply automation equipment that relies on the
magnetic flux
from these specially printed characters to function properly.

Modern print engineering

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The following
press
technologies are routinely found in modern printers:

Toner-based printers

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]

A
light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation printer
speedily produces high quality text and graphics. Every bit with digital
photocopiers
and multifunction printers (MFPs), laser printers employ a
xerographic
printing procedure only differ from analog photocopiers in that the prototype is produced by the direct scanning of a
laser
beam beyond the printer’s
photoreceptor.

Some other toner-based printer is the
LED printer
which uses an array of
LEDs
instead of a
laser
to cause toner
adhesion
to the print pulsate.

Liquid inkjet printers

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]

Inkjet printers
operate by propelling variably sized droplets of liquid ink onto most any sized folio. They are the most mutual type of computer printer used past consumers.

Solid ink printers

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]

Solid ink
printers, also known as phase-change ink or hot-cook ink printers, are a type of
thermal transfer printer, graphics canvas printer or 3D printer . They employ solid sticks, crayons, pearls or granular ink materials. Mutual inks are
CMYK-colored ink, similar in consistency to candle wax, which are melted and fed into a piezo crystal operated print-head. A Thermal transfer printhead jets the liquid ink on a rotating, oil coated drum. The paper and then passes over the print drum, at which time the image is immediately transferred, or transfixed, to the page. Solid ink printers are most unremarkably used every bit color office printers and are excellent at printing on transparencies and other non-porous media. Solid ink is also called phase-change or hot-melt ink was kickoff used by Data Products and Howtek, Inc., in 1984.
^[13]

Solid ink printers can produce excellent results with text and images. Some solid ink printers take evolved to impress 3D models, for instance, Visual Impact Corporation
^[14]

of Windham, NH was started by retired Howtek employee, Richard Helinski whose 3D patents US4721635 then US5136515 was licensed to Sanders Prototype, Inc., afterwards named Solidscape, Inc. Acquisition and operating costs are like to
laser printers. Drawbacks of the technology include loftier
energy consumption
and long warm-up times from a cold land. Also, some users complain that the resulting prints are hard to write on, every bit the wax tends to repel inks from
pens, and are difficult to feed through
automated document feeders, but these traits have been significantly reduced in later models. This type of thermal transfer printer is but available from one manufacturer,
Xerox, manufactured as part of their
Xerox Phaser
office printer line. Previously,
solid ink
printers were manufactured by
Tektronix, just Tektronix sold the printing business organization to Xerox in 2001.

Dye-sublimation printers

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]

A dye-sublimation printer (or dye-sub printer) is a printer that employs a printing process that uses heat to transfer dye to a medium such as a
plastic card, newspaper, or
canvass. The procedure is usually to lay one color at a time using a ribbon that has colour panels. Dye-sub printers are intended primarily for high-quality colour applications, including colour photography; and are less well-suited for text. While once the province of high-end print shops, dye-sublimation printers are at present increasingly used as dedicated consumer photo printers.

Thermal printers

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]

Thermal printers
work past selectively heating regions of special oestrus-sensitive paper. Monochrome thermal printers are used in cash registers,
ATMs,
gasoline dispensers
and some older inexpensive fax machines. Colours can exist achieved with special papers and dissimilar temperatures and heating rates for different colours; these coloured sheets are not required in blackness-and-white output. One example is
Zink
(a portmanteau of “zip ink”).

Obsolete and special-purpose press technologies

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The following technologies are either obsolete, or limited to special applications though about were, at one time, in widespread employ.

Impact printers

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]

Impact printers rely on a forcible impact to transfer ink to the media. The touch printer uses a impress head that either hits the surface of the ink ribbon, pressing the ink ribbon confronting the paper (like to the activity of a
typewriter), or, less ordinarily, hits the back of the paper, pressing the paper confronting the ink ribbon (the
IBM 1403
for example). All but the
dot matrix printer
rely on the utilise of
fully formed characters,
letterforms
that represent each of the characters that the printer was capable of printing. In addition, virtually of these printers were limited to monochrome, or sometimes two-color, printing in a single typeface at one time, although
bolding
and
underlining
of text could be done past “overstriking”, that is, press two or more impressions either in the same character position or slightly offset. Impact printers varieties include typewriter-derived printers, teletypewriter-derived printers, daisywheel printers, dot matrix printers, and line printers. Dot-matrix printers remain in common apply in businesses where multi-part forms are printed.
An overview of impact printing

^[15]

contains a detailed clarification of many of the technologies used.

Typewriter-derived printers

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Several dissimilar calculator printers were but figurer-controllable versions of existing electrical typewriters. The
Friden Flexowriter
and
IBM Selectric-based
printers were the well-nigh-mutual examples. The Flexowriter printed with a conventional typebar mechanism while the Selectric used IBM’s well-known “golf brawl” printing machinery. In either case, the alphabetic character form then struck a ribbon which was pressed against the paper, press 1 character at a time. The maximum speed of the Selectric printer (the faster of the two) was 15.5 characters per second.

Teletypewriter-derived printers

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The common
teleprinter
could easily be interfaced with the figurer and became very pop except for those computers manufactured past
IBM. Some models used a “typebox” that was positioned, in the X- and Y-axes, by a mechanism, and the selected letter grade was struck by a hammer. Others used a type cylinder in a similar mode as the Selectric typewriters used their type brawl. In either instance, the letter of the alphabet form then struck a ribbon to print the letterform. Most teleprinters operated at 10 characters per 2d although a few achieved 15 CPS.

Daisy wheel printers

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]

Daisy bicycle printers operate in much the same style as a
typewriter. A hammer strikes a wheel with petals, the “daisy wheel”, each petal containing a alphabetic character form at its tip. The letter form strikes a ribbon of
ink, depositing the ink on the page and thus printing a grapheme. By rotating the daisy cycle, different characters are selected for printing. These printers were also referred to as
letter of the alphabet-quality printers
because they could produce text which was as clear and crisp equally a typewriter. The fastest letter-quality printers printed at 30 characters per second.

Dot-matrix printers

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The term
dot matrix printer
is used for impact printers that employ a matrix of small-scale
pins
to transfer ink to the page.
^[16]

The advantage of dot matrix over other touch on printers is that they tin can produce
graphical
images in improver to text; however the text is generally of poorer quality than impact printers that use letterforms (type).

Dot-matrix printers can exist broadly divided into ii major classes:

• Ballistic wire printers
• Stored energy printers

Dot matrix printers can either be
character-based or line-based (that is, a unmarried horizontal serial of pixels across the page), referring to the configuration of the print head.

In the 1970s and ’80s, dot matrix printers were one of the more than common types of printers used for general use, such as for home and small office use. Such printers normally had either 9 or 24 pins on the print caput (early on 7 pin printers also existed, which did not impress
descenders). In that location was a menses during the early on home computer era when a range of printers were manufactured under many brands such equally the
Commodore
VIC-1525 using the
Seikosha
Uni-Hammer
system. This used a single solenoid with an oblique striker that would exist actuated 7 times for each column of vii vertical pixels while the head was moving at a constant speed. The angle of the striker would marshal the dots vertically even though the head had moved one dot spacing in the time. The vertical dot position was controlled by a synchronized longitudinally ribbed platen backside the paper that rotated rapidly with a rib moving vertically vii dot spacings in the time information technology took to print one pixel column.
^[17]

24-pin print heads were able to impress at a higher quality and started to offer additional type styles and were marketed every bit
Near Letter of the alphabet Quality
past some vendors. One time the price of inkjet printers dropped to the indicate where they were competitive with dot matrix printers, dot matrix printers began to autumn out of favour for general utilise.

Some dot matrix printers, such as the NEC P6300, can be upgraded to print in colour. This is achieved through the use of a iv-color ribbon mounted on a mechanism (provided in an upgrade kit that replaces the standard black ribbon machinery after installation) that raises and lowers the ribbons as needed. Color graphics are more often than not printed in four passes at standard resolution, thus slowing downwards printing considerably. As a issue, colour graphics can have up to four times longer to print than standard monochrome graphics, or up to 8-16 times as long at high resolution mode.

Dot matrix printers are nonetheless usually used in low-toll, low-quality applications such as
cash registers, or in enervating, very high volume applications like
invoice
printing. Touch on press, unlike light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation printing, allows the force per unit area of the print head to be practical to a stack of two or more forms to print
multi-role documents
such as sales invoices and
credit carte du jour
receipts using
continuous jotter
with
carbonless re-create paper. It also has security advantages as ink impressed into a paper matrix past forcefulness is harder to erase invisibly. Dot-matrix printers were being superseded fifty-fifty equally receipt printers after the end of the twentieth century.

Line printers

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Line printers print an entire line of text at a fourth dimension. Iv principal designs exist.

• Drum printers, where a horizontally mounted rotating drum carries the entire graphic symbol set of the printer repeated in each printable character position. The
  IBM 1132
  printer is an case of a drum printer.
  ^[xviii]
  
  Pulsate printers are also establish in adding machines and other numeric printers (POS), the dimensions are meaty as only a dozen characters need to be supported.
  ^[19]
  

• Chain or train printers, where the character set is arranged multiple times around a linked concatenation or a prepare of graphic symbol slugs in a runway traveling horizontally by the print line. The
  IBM 1403
  is perhaps the most pop and comes in both chain and railroad train varieties. The
  band printer
  is a later variant where the characters are embossed on a flexible steel ring. The LP27 from Digital Equipment Corporation is a band printer.
• Bar printers, where the graphic symbol set is attached to a solid bar that moves horizontally along the print line, such as the
  IBM 1443.
  ^[twenty]
  
• A fourth design, used mainly on very early printers such as the IBM 402, features independent type bars, one for each printable position. Each bar contains the character ready to exist printed. The bars movement vertically to position the grapheme to be printed in front of the print hammer.
  ^[21]
  

In each case, to impress a line, precisely timed hammers strike against the dorsum of the paper at the exact moment that the right character to exist printed is passing in front end of the newspaper. The paper presses frontward against a ribbon which then presses against the character class and the impression of the graphic symbol form is printed onto the paper. Each system could have slight timing issues, which could cause pocket-size misalignment of the resulting printed characters. For pulsate or typebar printers, this appeared as vertical misalignment, with characters being printed slightly above or below the balance of the line. In chain or bar printers, the misalignment was horizontal, with printed characters being crowded closer together or farther apart. This was much less noticeable to human being vision than vertical misalignment, where characters seemed to bounce upwardly and downwardly in the line, so they were considered as higher quality print.

• Rummage printers, also chosen
  
  line matrix printers
  , represent the fifth major design. These printers are a hybrid of
  dot matrix printing
  and line printing. In these printers, a rummage of hammers prints a portion of a row of pixels at i fourth dimension, such as every eighth pixel. Past shifting the comb back and forth slightly, the entire pixel row can be printed, continuing the example, in only eight cycles. The paper and so advances, and the adjacent pixel row is printed. Because far less motion is involved than in a conventional dot matrix printer, these printers are very fast compared to dot matrix printers and are competitive in speed with formed-character line printers while likewise beingness able to print dot matrix graphics. The
  Printronix
  P7000 serial of line matrix printers are still manufactured every bit of 2013.

Line printers are the fastest of all impact printers and are used for bulk press in large reckoner centres. A line printer tin print at 1100 lines per minute or faster, frequently printing pages more rapidly than many current laser printers. On the other mitt, the mechanical components of line printers operate with tight tolerances and crave regular
preventive maintenance
(PM) to produce a pinnacle quality print. They are virtually never used with
personal computers
and have at present been replaced by high-speed
laser printers. The legacy of line printers lives on in many
operating systems, which use the abbreviations “lp”, “lpr”, or “LPT” to refer to printers.

Liquid ink electrostatic printers

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Liquid ink electrostatic printers utilize a chemical coated paper, which is charged by the print head according to the prototype of the document.
^[22]

The paper is passed near a pool of liquid ink with the opposite charge. The charged areas of the newspaper attract the ink and thus course the image. This process was adult from the procedure of
electrostatic copying.
^[23]

Color reproduction is very accurate, and because there is no heating the scale distortion is less than ±0.1%. (All light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation printers have an accuracy of ±ane%.)

Worldwide, well-nigh survey offices used this printer before color inkjet plotters go popular. Liquid ink electrostatic printers were generally bachelor in 36 to 54 inches (910 to 1,370 mm) width and too six color printing. These were also used to impress large billboards. Information technology was first introduced by Versatec, which was later bought past
Xerox.
3M
as well used to make these printers.
^[24]

Plotters

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Pen-based
plotters
were an alternate printing applied science once common in technology and architectural firms. Pen-based plotters rely on contact with the paper (but not touch, per se) and special purpose pens that are mechanically run over the newspaper to create text and images. Since the pens output continuous lines, they were able to produce technical drawings of higher resolution than was doable with dot-matrix technology.
^[25]

Some plotters used roll-fed newspaper, and therefore had a minimal restriction on the size of the output in one dimension. These plotters were capable of producing quite sizable drawings.

Other printers

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A number of other sorts of printers are important for historical reasons, or for special purpose uses.

• Digital minilab
  (photographic paper)
• Electrolytic printers
• Spark printer
• Barcode printer multiple technologies, including:
  thermal printing,
  inkjet press, and
  laser printing
  barcodes
• Billboard / sign paint spray printers
• Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation etching (product packaging) industrial printers
• Microsphere (special paper)

Attributes

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Connectivity

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Printers can be connected to computers in many ways: directly past a dedicated
information cable
such every bit the
USB, through a short-range radio similar
Bluetooth, a
local area network
using cables (such equally the
Ethernet) or radio (such as
WiFi), or on a standalone basis without a computer, using a
retentivity card
or other portable data storage device.

More than half of all printers sold at U.S. retail in 2010 were wireless-capable, but nearly 3-quarters of consumers who have access to those printers weren’t taking advantage of the increased access to print from multiple devices according to the new Wireless Printing Report.

Printer control languages

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Almost printers other than line printers accept
control characters
or unique graphic symbol sequences to command various printer functions. These may range from shifting from lower to upper example or from black to cherry-red ribbon on typewriter printers to switching fonts and changing grapheme sizes and colors on raster printers. Early printer controls were non standardized, with each manufacturer’s equipment having its own set. The IBM
Personal Printer Data Stream
(PPDS) became a commonly used command set for dot-matrix printers.

Today, most printers take one or more
folio description languages
(PDLs). Laser printers with greater processing power frequently offer support for variants of Hewlett-Packard’s
Printer Command Linguistic communication
(PCL),
PostScript
or
XML Newspaper Specification. Almost inkjet devices back up manufacturer proprietary PDLs such as
ESC/P. The diversity in mobile platforms have led to various standardization efforts effectually device PDLs such as the
Printer Working Group
(PWG’southward)
PWG Raster.

Printing speed

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The speed of early on printers was measured in units of
characters per minute
(cpm) for graphic symbol printers, or
lines per minute
(lpm) for line printers. Modern printers are measured in
pages per infinitesimal
(ppm). These measures are used primarily as a marketing tool, and are not as well standardised as
toner yields. Unremarkably pages per minute refers to thin monochrome role documents, rather than dumbo pictures which usually print much more slowly, especially color images. Speeds in ppm usually apply to
A4 paper
in most countries in the globe, and
letter of the alphabet
paper size, about half dozen% shorter, in N America.

Printing style

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The data received by a printer may be:

• A string of characters
• A bitmapped epitome
• A vector paradigm
• A
  estimator plan
  written in a
  page description language, such as
  PCL
  or
  PostScript

Some printers can process all four types of data, others not.

• Graphic symbol printers, such equally
  daisy wheel printers, can handle only evidently text data or rather simple point plots.
• Pen
  plotters
  typically process
  vector images. Inkjet based plotters can adequately reproduce all four.
• Modernistic printing technology, such as
  laser printers
  and
  inkjet printers, can fairly reproduce all 4. This is especially true of printers equipped with support for PCL or PostScript, which includes the vast majority of printers produced today.

Today information technology is possible to print everything (even manifestly text) by sending ready bitmapped images to the printer. This allows improve control over formatting, peculiarly amongst machines from unlike vendors. Many
printer drivers
do non use the text mode at all, fifty-fifty if the printer is capable of it.<sup>[

citation needed

]</sup>

Monochrome, color and photograph printers

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A monochrome printer can simply produce
monochrome images, with merely shades of a single
color. Virtually printers tin can produce but two colors, blackness (ink) and white (no ink). With
half-tonning
techniques, however, such a printer can produce acceptable
grey-scale
images likewise

A colour printer tin produce images of multiple colours. A photo printer is a colour printer that can produce images that mimic the
colour range
(gamut) and
resolution
of prints made from
photographic motion-picture show.

Page yield

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The folio yield is number of pages that tin can be printed from a
toner cartridge
or
ink cartridge—before the cartridge needs to be refilled or replaced. The actual number of pages yielded by a specific cartridge depends on a number of factors.
^[26]

For a fair comparing, many light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation printer manufacturers employ the
ISO/IEC 19752
process to measure the toner cartridge yield.
<sup>[27]


[28]</sup>

Economic science

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]

In gild to fairly compare operating expenses of printers with a relatively pocket-sized
ink cartridge
to printers with a larger, more expensive
toner cartridge
that typically holds more toner and so prints more pages before the cartridge needs to exist replaced, many people prefer to estimate operating expenses in terms of
cost per page
(CPP).
^[27]

Retailers often apply the
“razor and blades” model: a visitor may sell a printer at toll and brand profits on the
ink cartridge, paper, or another
replacement part. This has caused legal disputes regarding the right of companies other than the printer manufacturer to sell
compatible
ink cartridges. To protect their concern model, several manufacturers invest heavily in developing new cartridge applied science and patenting it.

Other manufacturers, in reaction to the challenges from using this business organisation model, cull to brand more than coin on printers and less on ink, promoting the latter through their advertising campaigns. Finally, this generates two clearly different proposals: “cheap printer – expensive ink” or “expensive printer – inexpensive ink”. Ultimately, the consumer decision depends on their reference
involvement rate
or their
fourth dimension preference. From an
economic science
viewpoint, there is a clear
trade-off
betwixt cost per copy and cost of the printer.

Printer steganography

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]

Printer steganography is a type of
steganography
– “hiding data within data”
^[29]

– produced by color printers, including
Brother,
Catechism, Dell,
Epson,
HP, IBM,
Konica Minolta,
Kyocera, Lanier,
Lexmark,
Ricoh,
Toshiba
and
Xerox

^[30]

make color laser printers, where tiny yellow dots are added to each page. The dots are barely visible and contain encoded printer serial numbers, as well as engagement and time stamps.

Meet also

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References

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External links

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]

• 
  
  
  Media related to
  Printers
  at Wikimedia Eatables