Bangun Rumah Dengan Command Block

Province of Indonesia

Coordinates:



7°16′S
112°45′Eastward


 / 

vii.267°Due south 112.750°E
 /
-7.267; 112.750

Province

East Java Jawa Timur
Province
Other transcription(s)
• Javanese	ꦗꦮꦮꦺꦠꦤ꧀ Jawa Wètan
• Madurese	Jhâbâ Tèmor
• Kangean	Laok Jebe
Flag Glaze of artillery
Motto(s): ꦗꦼꦂꦧꦱꦸꦏꦶꦩꦮꦧꦺꦪ (Javanese) Jer Basuki Mawa Béya “Success Requires Sacrifice”
East Java in Republic of indonesia
OpenStreetMap
Established	25 February 1950
Capital letter and largest city	Surabaya
Government
• Trunk	Eastward Java Provincial Government
• Governor	Khofifah Indar Parawansa
• Vice Governor	Emil Dardak
Expanse
• Total	47,799.75 km2 (18,455.59 sq mi)
• Rank	14th in Indonesia
Highest elevation (Mount Semeru)	three,676 thou (12,060 ft)
Population (mid 2021 gauge)[1]
• Total	40,878,789
• Rank	2d in Indonesia
• Density	860/km2 (2,200/sq mi)
Demographics
• Ethnic groups	80.69% Javanese 17.53% Madurese 0.66% Chinese 0.15% Batak 0.12% Sundanese 0.85% Others[2]
• Religion	94.35% Islam 4.19% Christianity 0.93% Hinduism 0.49% Buddhism 0.02% Confucianism 0.04% Others (including Kejawen, Kapitayan, etc.)[3]
• Languages	Indonesian (official) Javanese (Surabaya Javanese is co-official in Surabaya) Madurese Osing Tenggerese Kangean
Fourth dimension zone	UTC+seven (Indonesia Western Time)
ISO 3166 lawmaking	ID-JI
HDI	0.715 (High)
HDI rank	15th in Indonesia (2019)
GRP Nominal	$166.37 billion[4]
GDP PPP (2019)	$546.80 billion[4]
Gross domestic product rank	second in Republic of indonesia (2019)
Nominal per capita	U.s.a.$four,191 (2019)[4]
PPP per capita	U.s.a.$13,775 (2019)[iv]
Per capita rank	8th in Indonesia (2019)
Website	jatimprov.go.id

East Java
(Indonesian:
Jawa Timur) is a province of Indonesia located in the easternmost hemisphere of Coffee island. Information technology has a country border but with the province of Central Java to the west; the Coffee Sea and the Indian Body of water edge its northern and southern coasts, respectively, while the narrow Bali Strait to the east separates Java from Bali by effectually two.29 kilometres (1.42 mi). Located in eastern Java, the province also includes the island of Madura (which is connected to Coffee by the longest bridge in Indonesia, the Suramadu Bridge), also as the Kangean islands and other smaller island groups located further east (in the northern Bali Sea) and Masalembu archipelagos in the due north. Its capital letter is Surabaya, the second largest city in Indonesia, a major industrial center and also a major business concern middle. Banyuwangi is the largest regency in East Coffee and the largest on the island of Java.^[five]

The province covers an surface area of 47,800 square kilometres (18,500 sq mi), and according to the 2010 Census, there were 37,476,757 people residing in the East Java, making it Republic of indonesia’s second-near-populous province; the 2020 Census showed an increase to xl,665,696 people,^[6]
while the official estimate for mid 2021 was 40,878,789.^[one]
Virtually a quarter of the population lives inside greater Surabaya metropolitan area.^[7]
East Coffee is inhabited past many different ethnic groups, such every bit the Javanese, Madurese and Chinese. Most of the people in E Java adheres to Islam, forming effectually 94% of the total population. Other religions are also skillful, such every bit Christianity, Buddhism and Confucianism which are mostly practised by Tionghoa people and immigrants from Eastern Indonesia and Northward Sumatra, and also Hinduism which are practised by the Tenggerese people in the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park and the Balinese people inhabiting the easternmost part of the province bordering Bali.

The Indonesian language is the official language of the province likewise as the whole nation, simply Javanese and Madurese are nigh frequently used, especially the Surabaya dialect (Javanese:

Suroboyoan

or

Surabayaan

— the Javanese dialect of Surabaya) used mainly in the capital Surabaya. Indonesian is only used for inter-ethnic advice and official purposes.

Eastward Java offers dissimilar types of tourist attractions. In that location are a variety of natural attractions, including mountains, beaches, caves, and waterfalls. Almost every regency or city in East Coffee has its own unique tourist destinations, such as the Ijen volcano in Banyuwangi, Baluran National Park in Situbondo, and Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park.

History

[edit]

Prehistory

[edit]

East Java has been inhabited by humans since prehistoric times. This can be proven by the discovery of remains from fossils of
Pithecanthropus mojokertensis
in Kepuhlagen, Mojokerto;^[viii]
Pithecanthropus erectus
on Trinil, Ngawi;^[9]
and
Man wajakensis
in Wajak, Tulungagung.^[10]

Pre-Islamic era

[edit]

The Dinoyo inscriptions found about the metropolis of Malang are the oldest written sources in E Java, dating from 760 CE. They tell of many political and cultural events in the Kingdom of Kanjuruhan. The proper noun of Malang is thought to come from the name of a sacred edifice called Malangkuseswara. This name is independent in at least one inscription, namely, the Mantyasih inscription written in 907 CE.

In 1222, Ken Arok founded the Kingdom of Singhasari, which he ruled until 1292. Earlier coming to power, Ken Arok seized power in Tumapel (Kediri) from Tungul Ametung. Ken Arok dynasty’southward descendants became kings of Singhasari and Majapahit from the 13th until the 15th century.

In 1227, Anusapati killed Ken Arok, and after became rex of Singasari. Anusapati’s power only lasted 20 years, before he was killed by Tohjaya. Three years later, Tohjaya was killed in the uprising led past Jaya Wisnuwardhana, son of Anusapati. In 1268, Wisnuwardhana died, and he was succeeded past Kertanegara (1268–1292). In 1292 Kertanegara was defeated by a rebel named Jayakatwang, catastrophe the power of Kertanegara and the history of Singhasari.

In 1293, Kublai Khan, founder of the Yuan dynasty, sent a large invasion fleet to Java with 20,000 to xxx,000 soldiers, beginning the Mongol invasion of Java.^[11]
This was a punitive expedition confronting King Kertanegara of Singhasari, who had refused to pay tribute to the Yuan and maimed one of its ministers. However, it ended with failure for the Mongols.

In 1294, the Kingdom of Majapahit was founded. Its founder was Raden Wijaya. Majapahit reached its peak during the reign of Hayam Wuruk. He was accompanied past the mahapatih Gajah Mada. Together they managed to unite the vast territory under the name Dwipantara. Majaphit afterward developed to become 1 of the strongest empire in Southeast Asia.

In 1357, the Bubat upshot occurred, the war between the Male monarch of Sunda and the Majapahit Patih Gajah Mada. This event stems from the desire to take the king Hayam Wuruk Sundanese princess named Dyah Pitaloka as queen. Still, considering of a misunderstanding near the procedure of wedlock, the programme led to a battle in Bubat. Majapahit troops, under the control of Gajah Mada defeated Pajajaran. In 1389, Hayam Wuruk died, and was succeeded by Wikramawardhana. This resulted in the beginning of the reject of the Majapahit Empire. As the Majapahit Empire went into pass up in the late 1300s, Islam moved to fill the vacuum.^[12]

Islamic era

[edit]

The precise appointment when Islam enters Java remains unclear. This is due to the absence of a definite source regarding the inflow of Islam in Coffee. Notwithstanding, according to some experts^{[
similar whom?
]}, it is estimated that Islam entered Java around the 11th century, with show of the tomb of Fatimah Binti Maimun in the village of Leran in Gresik Regency which dates from 475 AH (1085 AD). The tomb also shows that in the 11th century, the North coast of Coffee had begun to be frequented by Arab traders from the Eye E. In addition, several Islamic tombs were discovered in Trowulan, located in what is now part of the Mojokerto Regency, near the site of the former Majapahit palace.^[13]

In the 15th century, a Chinese Hui voyager named Ma Huan (simplified Chinese: 马欢; traditional Chinese: 馬歡; pinyin:
Mǎ Huān)
visited E Coffee. He so wrote the book
Yingya Shenglan
(simplified Chinese: 瀛涯胜览; traditional Chinese: 瀛涯勝覽; pinyin:
yíngyá shènglǎn), which tells the story of the countries visited past him over the course of the Ming treasure voyages. He mentioned that at that time, there were three different kind of people inhabiting Eastern Java: Arabs from the Middle-Due east, the antecedent of the modern Arab Indonesians; Chinese Muslims originating from modernistic-mean solar day Guangdong province, and the native Javanese people.^[xiv]

By the 16th century, the Majapahit Empire was defeated by the Islamic kingdoms in Java, resulting in the exile of many Majaphit aristocrats to the neighbouring island of Bali.^[15]
Those who remained in Java are forced to catechumen to Islam, while a modest pocket of isolated people living in the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park spread around Pasuruan, Probolinggo, Malang, and Lumajang Regencies remains adhered to Hinduism to this solar day. They are known as the Tenggerese people. Their population of roughly 100,000 is centered in 30 villages in the isolated Tengger mountains.^[16]

When the Islamic sultanates started ruling Coffee, cities in the northern coast started developing to become a thriving port. One of them is the town of Tuban, which was a wealthy and important port with many Chinese settlers. Beingness the port of Majapahit and the point of departure for the Moluccas, it exported an arable supply of foodstuffs and imported a rich variety of products from the Moluccas.^[17]
At the end of the 16th century, the development of Islam had surpassed Hinduism and Buddhism as the dominant religion in Java. The emergence of the Islamic kingdom on Coffee is also inseparable from the role of Walisongo. At starting time, the spread of Islam was very rapid and was accepted by ordinary people, until finally the da’wah entered and was carried out by the rulers of this island.

European colonization

[edit]

The human relationship between the Javanese and European colonial powers began in 1522, with the signing of a treaty between the Sunda Kingdom and the Portuguese Empire in Malacca. After the failure of the treaty, the Portuguese presence was then express to Malacca in the Malay Peninsula and the Maluku Islands. An expedition nether the leadership of the Dutch explorer Cornelis de Houtman consisting of four ships in 1596 became the offset of Dutch presence in the island.^[18]
At the end of the 18th century, the Dutch had succeeded in expanding their influence on the Islamic sultanates in the interior of the island of Java.

At the onset of the Napoleonic Wars, the British conquered Java in 1811. Java later briefly became part of the British Empire, with Sir Stamford Raffles as its Governor-Full general. In 1814, Britain returned Java to holland equally stipulated in the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814.^[19]

Japanese occupation and revolution

[edit]

During the Japanese occupation of the Dutch Due east Indies, there was persistent resistance against the Japanese rule. In Blitar, an uprising by PETA (Defenders of the Homeland) led by Supriyadi, Moeradi, Halir Mangkudijoyo, and Soemarto occurred in early 1945, but it was crushed past the Japanese.

2 weeks after the proclamation of independence, Surabaya established its ain government in the shape of a resident, R. Sudirman. The germination of government in Surabaya caused disputes between the republican forces and Japanese troops, resulting in various skirmishes across the metropolis. This was considering when the Japanese surrendered, they were obliged to remain in power until the allied forces arrived. The arrival of Centrolineal forces in Surabaya created tensions with the newly established regime of Republic of indonesia, reaching summit on 10 Nov 1945 where a major boxing betwixt the Surabayan residents led by Sutomo and Allied forces.

The battle forced the governor, Suryo, on the advice of People’due south Security Army (TKR), to motility the seat of the government to the Mojokerto area. A week later, the government retreated over again to a more than secure location in Kediri. However, security situation Kediri worsen until finally, in Feb 1947, the East Java provincial government fled to Malang. While the administration was based in Malang, Gobvernor Suryo was replaced by R.P. Suroso, who was in plough replaced again by Dr. Moerdjani. On 21 July 1947, although however bound past the Linggadjati Understanding and a armistice understanding in effect since xiv Oct 1946, the Dutch commenced a military action, Performance Product, which led to deteriorating security conditions in Malang. The East Java provincial government finally moved again to Blitar.

This military action concluded subsequently the Renville Agreement. However, this agreement had negative consequences for East Coffee, namely, a reduction in the territory controlled by the East Java provincial government. The Netherlands then turned the areas under its control into new states, such as the State of Madura and the State of East Java. Amid the difficulties faced past the regime of Indonesia, a left-wing opposition group,
Front end Demokrasi Rakyat
(FDR, People’southward Autonomous Front) launched rebellion in Madiun on 18 September 1948, which is known as the Madiun Matter. All the same, eventually this defection was defeated by the Indonesian Army. On 19 December 1948, the Dutch launched Operation Kraai. Blitar, which the seat of the East Java provincial regime was attacked by the Dutch. Governor Dr. Moerdjani and his staff were forced to flee and joined the guerrillas on the slopes of Mountain Willis. Functioning Kraai ended afterwards the Roem–Van Roijen Agreement on 7 May 1949.

Following the Dutch–Indonesian Round Tabular array Conference, at which the Netherlands agreed to transfer sovereignty to the United states of Indonesia, the Dutch withdrew its troops from East Coffee. East Java inverse its condition from a province into a country. However, on 25 Feb 1950, this was dissolved and became part of the territory of the Commonwealth of Republic of indonesia. The Country of Madura too decided to join Indonesia.

Contemporary era

[edit]

Along with rapid growth of urbanization in Due east Java, the governments could not satisfy the population’s needs for affordable housing, which led to the building of shanty towns along the rivers and rail tracks. Today, the shanty towns however be; although some have been transformed into “better” housing.^[20]

East Java has twice hosted the National Sports Week (PON), namely the 7th (1969) and 15th PONs (2000), and became the overall champions in 2000 and 2008.

Geography

[edit]

East Java province borders the Java Bounding main in the north, the Strait of Bali in the east, and the Indian Ocean in the south, besides as the Central Java province in the west. The length of the east–west stretch of most 400 km. The width of the stretch of the northward–south in the west about 200 km, simply in the eastern part of narrower by about 60 km. Madura is the largest island in Eastward Java, separated from the mainland Coffee past the Strait of Madura. Bawean Isle is located about 150 km due north of Java. In the east of Madura at that place are clusters of islands, the easternmost are the Kangean Islands and the northernmost are the Masalembu Islands. Off the south coast of Coffee at that place are two modest islands namely Nusa Barong and Sempu Island.

Geology

[edit]

In physiographic of geology, East Coffee Province can be grouped into iii zones: the southern zone (plato), the centre zone (volcanic), and the northern zone (folds). Lowlands and highlands in the eye (of Ngawi, Blitar, Malang, to Bondowoso) has a fairly fertile soil. In the northern part ( Bojonegoro, Tuban, Gresik, to Madura Island) lies the Kapur Utara mountains and the Kendeng mountains which are relatively barren.

In the eye of the province stretch mount ranges and volcanoes: On the edge with Primal Java is Mount Lawu (three,265 metres). Southeast from Madiun is Mount Wilis (2,169 metres), and Mount Liman (2,563 metres). In the middle of the corridor lies the Anjasmoro mountains with peaks Mountain Arjuno (3,339 metres), Mount Welirang (3,156 metres), Mount Anjasmoro (2,277 metres), Mount Kawi (2,551 metres), and Mount Kelud (1,731 metres); The mountains are located in most Kediri, Blitar, Malang, Pasuruan, Mojokerto and Jombang. The group has the peak of Mount Bromo Tengger (two,329 metres), and Mount Semeru (3,676 metres). Mount Semeru, which is also called Mahameru is the highest mountain in the island of Java. In the easternmost role if the province, there are two groups of mountains: the Iyang mountains with the peak Mount Argopuro (3,088 metres), the Ijen mountains with the meridian Mount Raung (3344 metres) In the south there is a series of hills, that of the s coast of Pacitan, Trenggalek, Tulungagung, Blitar, Malang. the Kapur Selatan mountains is a continuation of a serial of the Sewu mountains in Yogyakarta.

Water

[edit]

Two of the most important rivers in E Java is the Brantas River (290 kilometres), and the Solo River (548 kilometers). Brantas River has headwaters on the slopes Mountain Arjuno near Batu, and flows through most areas in East Java, like Malang, Blitar, Tulungagung, Kediri, Jombang and Mojokerto. In Mojokerto, Brantas River split up into 2: Kali Mas, and Porong; both empties into the Madura Strait. Solo River has headwaters on the slopes of Mount Lawu which lies on the border of Eastward Java and Key Java, and flows through a portion of the eastern role of Central Java and East Java, which eventually empties in Gresik. Brantas River and Bengawan Solo are managed past Perum Jasa Tirta I. On the slopes of Mount Lawu almost the edge with Fundamental Java are Sarangan, a natural lake. The main dam in East Java, amidst others Ir. Sutami and Selorejo Dam, which is used for irrigation, fish farming and tourism.

Climate

[edit]

East Java has a tropical monsoon and savanna climate at lower elevation and subtropical at higher superlative. Compared with the western office of Coffee Island, Eastward Coffee in general has less rainfall. Boilerplate rainfall is i,900 mm per twelvemonth, with a rainy season during the 100 days. The average temperature ranges between 19-34 °C. Temperatures in the lower mountain areas, and even in areas Ranu Pani (slopes of Mount Semeru), temperatures can reach –4 °C, causing a frost and fall of light snow.^[21]

Authoritative divisions

[edit]

E Java is divided into 29 kabupaten (or regencies), and nine kotamadya (or cities). This listing of regencies and cities with their areas and populations at the 2000, 2010^[thirty]
and 2020 Censuses, together with the official estimates as at mid 2021,^[ane]
are listed beneath, grouped geographically into (unofficial) sub-regions entirely for convenience of admission. The sub-regions have no official status. These regencies and cities are divided at 2021 into 666 districts (kecamatan) which are in turn composed of eight,501 authoritative villages (rural
desa
and urban
kelurahan):

Proper name	Capital	Expanse (kmtwo)	Pop’northward 2000 Demography	Pop’n 2010 Census	Pop’n 2020 Census	Pop’n mid 2021 Guess	Number of districts	Number of kelurahan	Number of desa	Number of villages	HDI[31] 2014 estimate
Mojokerto City		16.47	108,938	120,196	132,424	133,270	3	xviii		xviii	0.750 (Loftier)
Pasuruan City		35.29	168,323	186,262	208,006	209,530	4	34		34	0.732 (High)
Surabaya City		350.54	2,599,796	2,765,487	2,874,314	2,880,280	31	154		154	0.788 (Loftier)
Gresik Regency (includes Bawean Island)	Gresik	1,191.25	1,005,445	1,177,042	1,311,215	1,320,570	18	26	330	356	0.728 (Loftier)
Lamongan Regency	Lamongan	i,782.05	one,181,660	one,179,059	1,344,170	1,356,030	27	12	462	474	0.694 (Medium)
Mojokerto Regency	Mojosari	717.83	908,004	1,025,443	1,119,209	1,125,520	18	5	299	304	0.702 (High)
Pasuruan Regency	Bangil	ane,474.02	i,366,605	1,512,468	1,605,969	1,611,810	24	24	341	365	0.643 (Medium)
Sidoarjo Regency	Sidoarjo	634.38	1,563,015	ane,941,497	2,082,800	2,091,930	18	31	322	353	0.767 (High)
Surabaya sub-regional totals		6,201.83	viii,901,786	nine,907,454	10,664,525	””’
Madiun City		33.92	163,956	170,964	195,175	196,920	3	27		27	0.788 (High)
Bojonegoro Regency	Bojonegoro	2,198.79	ane,165,401	1,209,973	1,301,635	ane,307,600	28	11	419	430	0.652 (Medium)
Jombang Regency	Jombang	1,115.09	one,126,930	ane,202,407	one,318,062	one,325,910	21	4	302	306	0.690 (Medium)
Madiun Regency	Caruban	1,037.58	639,825	662,278	744,350	750,140	15	viii	198	206	0.686 (Medium)
Magetan Regency	Magetan	688.84	615,254	620,442	670,812	674,130	xviii	28	207	235	0.702 (High)
Nganjuk Regency	Nganjuk	one,224.25	973,472	1,017,030	ane,103,902	one,109,680	20	xx	264	284	0.695 (Medium)
Ngawi Regency	Ngawi	i,295.98	813,228	817,765	870,057	873,350	19	4	213	217	0.677 (Medium)
Tuban Regency	Tuban	one,834.15	i,051,999	ane,118,464	i,198,072	1,203,130	twenty	17	311	328	0.645 (Medium)
Northwest sub-regional totals		nine,428.lx	six,550,065	6,819,323	7,402,065	””’
Probolinggo City		56.67	191,522	217,062	239,649	241,200	5	29		29	0.704 (Loftier)
Banyuwangi Regency	Banyuwangi	5,782.forty	1,488,791	ane,556,078	1,708,114	1,718,460	25	28	189	217	0.673 (Medium)
Bondowoso Regency	Bondowoso	i,525.97	688,651	736,772	776,151	778,530	23	x	209	219	0.634 (Medium)
Jember Regency	Jember	3,092.34	2,187,657	ii,332,726	2,536,729	2,550,360	31	22	226	248	0.626 (Medium)
Lumajang Regency	Lumajang	1,790.90	965,192	1,006,458	1,119,251	i,127,090	21	vii	198	205	0.623 (Medium)
Probolinggo Regency	Kraksaan	i,696.21	one,004,967	one,096,244	one,152,537	i,155,890	24	five	325	330	0.630 (Medium)
Situbondo Regency	Situbondo	1,669.87	603,705	647,619	685,967	688,340	17	iv	132	136	0.639 (Medium)
Horseshoe sub-regional totals		15,614.36	7,130,485	7,592,959	8,218,398	””’
Batu Metropolis		136.74	(a)	190,184	213,046	214,650	3	v	19	24	0.718 (Loftier)
Blitar City		32.57	119,372	131,968	149,149	150,370	3	21		21	0.752 (High)
Kediri Metropolis		63.xl	244,519	268,507	286,796	287,960	3	46		46	0.746 (High)
Malang City		145.28	756,982	820,243	843,810	844,930	v	57		57	0.789 (High)
Blitar Regency	Kanigoro	1,336.48	1,064,643	1,116,639	i,223,745	i,231,010	22	28	220	248	0.668 (Medium)
Kediri Regency	Ngasem	1,386.05	1,408,353	1,499,768	1,635,294	1,644,400	26	1	343	344	0.684 (Medium)
Malang Regency	Kepanjen	iii,530.65	ii,412,570	2,446,218	2,654,448	2,668,300	33	12	378	390	0.655 (Medium)
Pacitan Regency	Pacitan	one,389.92	525,758	540,881	586,110	589,110	12	5	166	171	0.638 (Medium)
Ponorogo Regency	Ponorogo	ane,305.70	841,449	855,281	949,320	955,840	21	26	281	307	0.674 (Medium)
Trenggalek Regency	Trenggalek	ane,147.22	649,883	674,411	731,125	734,890	14	v	152	157	0.661 (Medium)
Tulungagung Regency	Tulungagung	i,055.65	929,833	990,158	ane,089,775	1,096,590	19	xiv	257	271	0.694 (Medium)
Southern sub-regional totals		xi,529.66	8,953,362	ix,534,258	x,362,618	””’
East Java (excluding Madura) Totals		42,774.45	31,535,693	33,853,994	36,661,132	36,847,729
Bangkalan Regency	Bangkalan	ane,001.44	805,048	906,761	1,060,377	one,071,710	18	viii	273	281	0.607 (Medium)
Sampang Regency	Sampang	1,233.08	750,046	877,772	969,694	976,020	14	six	180	186	0.569 (Medium)
Pamekasan Regency	Pamekasan	792.24	689,225	795,918	850,057	853,510	13	11	178	189	0.626 (Medium)
Sumenep Regency	Sumenep	1,998.54	985,981	i,042,312	i,124,436	ane,129,820	27	four	330	334	0.614 (Medium)
Madura Totals		5,025.thirty	iii,230,300	3,622,763	4,004,564	4,031,060
Full for Province		47,799.75	34,765,993	37,476,757	xl,665,696	40,878,789					0.681 (Medium)

Note: (a) the 2000 population of Batu City is included in the total for Malang Regency, from which it was separated in 2001.

Demography

[edit]

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±%
1971	25,516,999	—
1980	29,188,852	+xiv.iv%
1990	32,503,991	+eleven.four%
1995	33,844,002	+four.i%
2000	34,783,640	+2.8%
2010	37,476,757	+7.7%
2015	38,828,061	+3.6%
2020	40,665,696	+4.7%
2021	xl,878,789	+0.v%
Source: Badan Pusat Statistik 2011, 2021 and 2022.[1]

According to the 2000 demography, Due east Java had 34,765,993 people, which increased to 37,476,757 people at the 2010 Census,^[32]
and to twoscore,665,595 at the 2020 Census,^[6]
making it the second nigh populous Indonesian province after West Java. The official judge as at mid 2021 was forty,878,789.^[1]

Akin to Fundamental Java, the region’s birth rates are not necessarily any lower than the residual of Coffee, however due to net population outflows, especially in times of calamity, non limited to volcanic eruptions or droughts, the region has varying rates of population growth that are more often than not lower than national average. Ethnic Javanese dominate the Java mainland every bit well as the full population of the province overall, while indigenous Madurese inhabit Madura and the Kangean and Masalembu archipelagos, though centuries of migrations accept led the Java mainland to have a larger proportion of Madurese people than Madura itself. Minorities include distinct Javanese ethnicities such as the Tengger people in Bromo, the Samin and the Osing people in Banyuwangi. East Java too hosts a significant population of foreign ethnic groups, such as Chinese, Indians, and Arabs.

Languages

[edit]

Likewise the national language (Indonesian), the people of East Java predominantly utilize the Javanese in daily life. Javanese as spoken in the western part of East Coffee (Kulonan) is a similar dialect to the one spoken in Primal Java, with its hierarchy of high, medium, and low registers. In the eastern part, such as Surabaya, Malang, and others, a more egalitarian version of Javanese is spoken, with less regard of hierarchy and a richer vocabulary for vulgarity. The dialect is notable for its roughness compared to other dialects spoken elsewhere in Java (particularly the Mataram dialect spoken around Surakarta and Yogyakarta, which is renowned for its smoothness) and contributes to the stereotype amidst Javanese people of Due east Javanese being “blunt” and “loud”.^[33]
Variants of Javanese are also used by Osing and Tengger minorities, the erstwhile utilizing a Balinese-influenced Javanese by virtue of its closeness with Bali island, and the latter speaking an primitive class of the language that retains many features now lost in other more-innovative Javanese dialects.^[34]
Other than Javanese, minority linguistic communication includes Madurese, spoken by effectually four million ethnic Madurese people inhabiting the Madura Islands; though they alive practically next door with the Javanese, the language is actually more than closer genetically to Balinese, and Sundanese.^[35]

Faith

[edit]

A long time agone, Hinduism and Buddhism dominated the island until Islam gradually supplanted Hinduism in the 14th and 15th century. The last nobles and people of the fallen Majapahit fled to Bali. Islam spread from northern cities in Java where many Muslim traders from Gujarat, India stopped by. The eastern part of East Coffee, from Surabaya to Pasuruan, and the cities along the coast, and dorsum to Banyuwangi to Jember, are known as the eastern salient, or “Kawasan Tapal Kuda” (the Horseshoe Region).

A remnant of Hindu tradition and syncretic
abangan
exists because of Islamic and Hinduism acculturation in Java.

• 

• 

Economy

[edit]

E Java is known equally the hub and centre economy of Central and Eastern Indonesia,^[37]
and has a high economical significance, which contributes over xv% to the Gross Domestic Product of Indonesia.^[38]

Industry

[edit]

East Coffee has a number of large industries,^[39]
including the largest shipbuilding shipyard in Indonesia, PT PAL in Surabaya, military industrial by Pindad in Southern Malang, largest railway industry in Southeast Asia, Industri Kereta Api (INKA) in Madiun, PT Tjiwi Kimia, a newspaper mill company based in Sidoarjo, Kertas Leces based in Probolinggo); cigarette factories (Wismilak in Surabaya, Gudang Garam in Kediri, Sampoerna in Surabaya and Bentoel in Malang). In Gresik there are Semen Gresik, and PT Petrokimia Gresik. In Tuban there are the largest cement factories in Indonesia, namely Semen Indonesia (ex-Semen Gresik), and Semen Holcim and the Petrochemical Refinery Area. The regime has established 12 industrial manor companies, including Surabaya Industrial Estate Rungkut (SIER) in Surabaya, Pasuruan Industrial Estate Rembang (PIER) in Pasuruan Regency, Madiun Industrial Manor Balerejo (MIEB) in Madiun, Ngoro Industrial Park (NIP) in the Mojokerto Regency, Jabon Industrial Zone in Sidoarjo Regency, and Lamongan Integrated Shorebase (LIS) in Lamongan Regency. Minor industrial centers are spread throughout the districts / cities, and some of them have penetrated exports; The leather arts and crafts industry in the form of bags and shoes at Tanggulangin, Sidoarjo is one of the very famous small industries.^[39]

Energy and ability plant

[edit]

The Cepu Block, one of the largest oil producers in Indonesia, is refined in Bojonegoro. The power plant in Eastward Java is managed by PT Pembangkit Jawa Bali (PJB), which includes hydroelectricity power found (Ir. Sutami, Selorejo, Bening), thermal power station in Paiton, Probolinggo Regency; which provides electricity to the Java-Bali system. Some regions develop micro hydro power plants, and solar energy.^[xl]

Transportation

[edit]

Roads

[edit]

E Java is crossed past several national roads equally primary arterial roads, including the northern coastal national route or locally known every bit
pantura
road (Anyer-Jakarta-Surabaya-Banyuwangi),^[41]
and inland national roads (Dki jakarta-Bandung-Yogyakarta-Surabaya). The superhighway network in East Java covers the Surabaya-Gempol Toll Route; Gempol-Pandaan; Pandaan-Malang; Gempol-Pasuruan; and Pasuruan-Probolinggo which connects the northern and middle Due east Java regions with the southern and eastern salient (tapal kuda), the Surabaya-Gresik Toll Route that connects the centre and southern East Java to the due north, and the Surabaya-Mojokerto Toll Route; Mojokerto-Kertosono; Ngawi-Kertosono; and Solo-Ngawi which connects East Java with Central Coffee. Suramadu Span that crosses the Madura Strait connects Surabaya and Madura Island. In the nearly future, the construction of the Probolinggo-Banyuwangi Toll Road volition be realized, which is the final segment of the Trans Java Toll Route, the Krian-Legundi-Bunder-Manyar Toll Road that connects the industrial estates in the city of Surabaya; Sidoarjo Regency; and Gresik Regency, as well as plans for the Gresik-Tuban Toll Road that connects East Java with cities on the northern coast of Java.^[42]

Railways

[edit]

The railway system in Eastward Coffee has been built since the colonial era of the Dutch E Indies. The railway line in East Java consists of the northern line (Surabaya Pasar Turi-Semarang-Cirebon-Jakarta), the middle lane (Surabaya Gubeng-Yogyakarta-Bandung-Dki jakarta), the southern ring railway line (Surabaya Gubeng-Malang-Blitar-Kertosono-Surabaya), and eastward line (Surabaya Gubeng-Probolinggo-Jember-Ketapang). East Coffee also has a commuter train transportation system with Bojonegoro-Surabaya-Sidoarjo, Surabaya-Sidoarjo-Porong, Surabaya-Lamongan, Surabaya-Mojokerto, Surabaya-Malang, and Jember-Banyuwangi routes.^[43]

At present, the Surabaya Gubeng-Kertosono-Madiun line is existence adult into a double runway and is planned to be completed by the cease of 2018 or early 2019 and fix for use in mid-2019.^[44]

Harbors

[edit]

Tanjung Perak International Port is Indonesia’s main hub port in Northern Surabaya.^[45]
Other international ports in Due east Java include Gresik Port and Java Integrated Industrial and Port Estate in Gresik Regency, Tanjung Tembaga Probolinggo Port and Banyuwangi Port.^[46]
National ports are Bawean Port in Gresik Regency, Pasuruan Port in Pasuruan City, Sapudi Port in Sumenep Regency, Kalbut Port and Anchor Port in Situbondo Regency, Sapeken Port in Sumenep Regency, Kangean Port in Sumenep Regency, and Muncar Port in Banyuwangi Regency. E Java has a number of ferry ports, including Ujung Port (Surabaya), Kamal (Bangkalan, Madura) Port, Ketapang Port (Banyuwangi), Kalianget Port (Sumenep), and Jangkar Port (Situbondo). Ujung-Kamal route connects Java island (Surabaya) with Madura island, Ketapang Ferry Port connects Java Island with Bali, Jangkar-Kalianget Route connects Coffee (Situbondo) with Madura Isle, and Kalianget also connects Madura Island with small islands in the Coffee Sea (Kangean and Masalembu).^[46]

Airports

[edit]

Juanda International Airdrome in Sidoarjo Regency, located in the suburb of Surabaya and connects the city with major cities in Indonesia and nearly major cities exterior Indonesia. Other international airport is Banyuwangi International Airdrome, which connects the city with Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. In Malang, there is a regional airport that connects the city with Jakarta and Bali, namely Abdul Rachman Saleh Aerodrome. In addition, in that location are other public airports in the province such as Notohadinegoro Airport in Jember Regency, Iswahyudi Air Force Base of operations in Madiun Regency, and Trunojoyo Airport in Sumenep Regency.^[47]

Art and culture

[edit]

Fine art

[edit]

Eastward Java has a number of distinctive fine art. Ludruk is i of the East Javanese art is quite well known, namely the fine art of the phase that generally all the players are male. Unlike the Ketoprak which tells the life of the palace, ludruk tells the daily life of ordinary people, ofttimes spiced with humor and social criticism, and generally opened with Dance Remo, and parikan. Currently traditional ludruk groups tin can be found in the expanse of Surabaya, Mojokerto and Jombang; although its presence increasingly defeated by modernization.

Reog from Ponorogo is a typical art that has been patented since 2001, and has now also become the icon of East Javanese art. Staging reog accompanied past horse complect (kuda lumping) are accompanied by elements of the occult.^[48]
Famous arts of Eastward Java include puppet purwa Due east Javanese style, mask mastermind in Madura, and made. In the area Mataraman Middle Javanese arts such as Ketoprak, and shadow puppets are quite popular. Famous legend of East Java, amongst others Damarwulan, Angling Darma, and Sarip Tambak-Oso.

Traditional dance in Eastward Java can exist mostly grouped into Middle Javanese style, East Javanese style, Osing style and Madurese styles. Classical dances include gandrung, gambyong dance, dance srimpi, dance bondan, and wanderer. At that place is too a sort of lion trip the light fantastic toe culture in Due east Java. Art exists in ii districts namely, Bondowoso, and Jember. Singo Wulung is a distinctive culture Bondowoso. While Jember accept the tiger kadhuk. Both are art that is rarely encountered.

Civilization

[edit]

Culture and customs of Javanese in the western part of East Java received a lot of influence from the Heart Javanese, then this area is known as Mataraman, indicating that the area was once the territory of the Sultanate of Mataram. The area includes the onetime residency of Madiun (Madiun, Ngawi, Magetan, Ponorogo, Pacitan), ex-residency Kediri (Kediri, Tulungagung, Blitar, Trenggalek, Nganjuk), and function of Bojonegoro. Equally is the case in Primal Java, wayang kulit, and Ketoprak quite popular in this region.

East Coffee’s west coast region is heavily influenced by the Islamic culture. This surface area covers an area of Tuban, Lamongan and Gresik. In the past the north coast of East Coffee is the entry area, and the middle of the evolution of Islam. 5 of the nine members of the walisongo are buried in this area.

In the area of ex-residency of Surabaya (including Sidoarjo, Mojokerto and Jombang), and ex-residency Malang, had little cultural influence Mataraman, considering this region is an area arek (the term for offspring Kenarok), specially in the area of Malang that make this area hard to exist affected by Mataraman civilisation.

Customs in equus caballus hooves region heavily influenced by the culture of Madura, given the magnitude of Madura tribe population in the region. Osing social mores of the culture is a blend of Java, Madura and Bali. While the Tenggerese tribe is heavily influenced by Hindu culture.^[49]

Villagers in East Coffee, every bit well as in Key Java, has ties based on friendship, and territorial. Various ceremonies were held, amidst others: tingkepan (anniversary gestational age of 7 months for the first child), babaran (ceremony before the birth of the baby), sepasaran (anniversary after the babe was v days), Pitonan (anniversary after the baby was 7 months sometime), circumcision, fiancé.

East Java’s population generally embraced monogamy. Prior to application, the men doing the show nako’ake (enquire if the girl already had a husband), once that is done peningsetan (application). The hymeneals anniversary was preceded past a gathering or kepanggih. Communities on the west coast: Tuban, Lamongan, Gresik, fifty-fifty Bojonegoro has a habit of women’due south families applying common man (Ganjuran), dissimilar from the usual habits of other regions in Indonesia, where the men apply for women. And more often than not men will and so be entered into the family unit of the woman.

To pray for the deceased person, commonly a family unit party did send donga on day 1, 3rd, seventh, 40th, 100th, 1 year and 3 years after death.

Education

[edit]

E Java is the province with the highest number of public universities in Indonesia.^[l]
Three major cities for universities are Surabaya, Malang, and Jember; at that place is as well a university at Bangkalan on Madura isle. Among them, University of Airlangga, Universitas Brawijaya, and Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember are the most famous of the universities.

Another important form of education that is bachelor in most cities in East Java is the
pesantren.
This is a kind of socio-education organized by Islamic clerics, and associated with local or national Muslim organizations. Jombang and Ponorogo is a famous region for its pesantren.^[51]

Media

[edit]

East Coffee supports several regional media outlets. Local newspapers with provincial news attain their readers before than their competitors from Jakarta. In the spirit of “providing more news from around readers”, most newspapers even issue municipal sections which are dissimilar among their distribution areas. More startups media also develop for younger generation.

• Jawa Pos Group, 1 of the major newspaper groups in Indonesia, based in Surabaya
• Surya, newspaper based in Surabaya (endemic by Kompas Group)
• Suara Surabaya (E100 FM), most famous local radio and cyberspace news in Surabaya and East Java
• IDN Times, multiplatform media for millennials and generation z people

Tourism

[edit]

Malang metropolitan region is a famous tourist destination in Indonesia with the City of Batu every bit its centre.^[52]

East Java has a number of interesting sights. One of the tourist icon is Mount Bromo in East Java, which is inhabited by the Tengger tribe, where the ceremony is held every year Kasada. In the mountainous region of Tengger likewise there is a waterfall that is Madakaripura which is the last hermitage Mahapatih Gajah Mada before serving in the kingdom of Majapahit. Madakaripura Waterfall has a summit of about 200 meters, which makes it the highest waterfall on the isle of Coffee and the second highest in Indonesia. East Java also has some other mountainous tourist expanse of which is Malang Raya mountainous area known every bit the natural mountain tourist surface area that includes Malang and Batu. Tretes and Trawas mountainous areas, are also known to have characteristics such as Puncak area in West Java province. Other natural attractions in Due east Coffee is the National Park (4 of 12 National Parks in Java) and Taman Safari Republic of indonesia Two in Prigen.

East Coffee is also contained relics of history in the classical era. Trowulan sites in Mojokerto, once the center of the Majapahit Kingdom, there are dozens of temples and tombs of the kings of Majapahit. Other temples spread throughout much of East Java, including Penataran temple in Blitar.^[53]
In Madura, Sumenep is the heart of the kingdom of Madura, where in that location are Kraton Sumenep, museums, and the tombs of the kings of Madura (Asta Tinggi Sumenep).

East Java is known for its littoral scenery.^[54]
On the south coast there is the Prigi Beach, Pelang Embankment and Pasir Putih Beach in Trenggalek, Popoh Embankment in Tulungagung, Ngliyep Beach, and tourism areas such as the Jatim Park, Museum Angkut, Batu Cloak-and-dagger Zoo, Batu Night Spectacular, Eco Light-green Park in Batu, and the Watu Ulo Beach in Jember. East Coffee as well has a embankment that the waves is one of the best in the world, namely the Plengkung Beach located in Banyuwangi. In addition there Kenjeran Beach in Surabaya, and the White Sand Beach in Situbondo. Lake in East Java, amid others Sarangan in Magetan, Ir. Sutami Dam in Malang, and Selorejo Dam in Blitar.

In the littoral area of the north there are a number of tombs of the saints, which are places of pilgrimage for Muslims.^[55]
Five of the nine
walisongo
are buried in Eastward Java: Sunan Ampel in Surabaya, Sunan Giri, and Maulana Malik Ibrahim in Gresik, Sunan Drajat in Paciran (Lamongan), and Sunan Bonang in Tuban. In the northern coastal region, at that place are a number of caves, including Maharani Cave in Lamongan and Tuban Akbar Cave and Cave Gong located in Pacitan. Other pilgrimage sites include the tomb of Indonesia’s beginning president Sukarno, in Blitar, besides as the tomb of the fourth Indonesian president Abdurrahman Wahid, known as Gus Dur, in Jombang.

Malang Metropolitan Region is a leading tourist destination in Indonesia with the City of Batu as its center. Malang has various tourist areas including volcanoes to beaches, besides as man-fabricated tour of the history of travel to an international-course theme park with the support of inter-provincial transportation via trains, buses, and airplanes are available in Malang. Surabaya is the eye of authorities, entertainment, financial, and concern heart of Eastward Java, where there are Tugu Pahlawan, the Museum MPU Tantular, Surabaya Zoo, Submarine Monument, Ampel Region, and the Downtown Tunjungan area.

• 

• 

• 

National parks

[edit]

• Meru Betiri National Park – Between Jember and Banyuwangi districts, this park covers 580 km^two
  (224 sq mi). Hard to go to, it contains coastal rainforest and scenery and is home to abundant wild animals.
• Alas Purwo National Park – This 434 km²
  (168 sq mi) park is formed by the Blambangan Peninsula (southeastern Coffee). Comprising mangrove, savanna, lowland monsoon forests and beaches, the park’south name ways
  Commencement Woods
  in Javanese. Javanese legend says that the earth first emerged from the ocean here.
• Baluran National Park – This 250 km²
  (97 sq mi) national park is located in northeastern Java, known as
  The Little Africa, formerly all-encompassing savanna has been largely replaced by Acacia.
• Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park – Located in East Java at the region of Probolinggo and Pasuruan, 70 km (43 mi) from Surabaya the capital city of Eastward Java province. Mount Bromo is one of the great hiking and trekking destinations for overseas tourists. The scenic view of Bromo also attracts hundreds of photograph enthusiasts to meet the views there.
• Raden Soerjo Grand Woods Park [id]—This is located between Pasuruan, Mojokerto and Batu. Covered Mount Arjuna, Mountain Welirang, Mount Penanggungan, Mount Anjasmoro, Mount Kawi, and Mt. Kelud.

Cuisine

[edit]

Some typical East Javanese dishes include Bakso Malang, Rawon, and Tahu Campur Lamongan.^[56]
Surabaya is famous for Rojak Cingur, Semanggi, Lontong Balap, clam satay, mussels, and rice cakes.^[57]
Malang is popular for a variety of processed fruits (specially apples), tempeh crisps, Bakpao telo, Bakso Malang, rawon, and Cwie noodles.^[58]
Kediri is famous for tahu takwa, tahu pong, tungku fried rice and getuk pisang.^[59]
[lx]
Madiun is known for pecel madiun, and as a producer of Brem.^[61]
The subdistrict of Babat, Lamongan is famous as a producer of wingko.^[62]
Bondowoso is also well known as a producer of record. Gresik famous is for nasi krawu, otak-otak bandeng, and

bonggolan
. Sidoarjo is famous for shrimp crackers, shrimp paste, and petis. Ngawi is famous^[63]
for tempeh chips, tahu tepo, and

nasi lethok
. Blitar has the typical food that is pecel. Rambutan is also native to Blitar. Banyuwangi is famous^[64]
for sego tempong, salad soup, and pecel rawon. Jember take special food made of record that is Suwar-suwir and tape proll that is very sweet. Corn is known equally ane of the staple food of the Madurese, while cassava is candy into gaplek, a staple food used to be a part of the population in Pacitan and Trenggalek. Tulungagung is famous for its

lodho
, goat satay and pati rice.^[65]
Ponorogo is famous for Satay Ponorogo, Tiwul Goreng and Dawet Jabung

Sports

[edit]

East Java is the province with the highest number of professional football clubs in Republic of indonesia and also province with clubs in peak division league.^[66]
By 2019 season, Indonesian Offset League clubs from East Java are Persela, Madura United, Arema, and Persebaya. Arema and Persebaya are football clubs from East Java who have become top teams in Indonesia by repeatedly winning championships and national competitions and ofttimes as representatives of Indonesia in AFC Champions League and AFC Loving cup between clubs in Asia.

E Java once hosted the National Sports Week (PON), namely PON VII in 1969, and PON XV in 2000, and became the overall champion of PON in 2000, and 2008. Since 1996 the East Java Football Squad always won medals gold was included in 2008, and was recorded as the quaternary golden medal received consecutively.

East Coffee has several professional basketball clubs, mainly in Surabaya. The famous basketball clubs namely CLS Knights Indonesia and Pacific Cesar Surabaya. East Java is besides the venue for several bicycle racing events namely Tour de East Java and Tour de Ijen.^[67]
[68]

International relations

[edit]

E Java is twinned with:

See also

[edit]

• Districts of East Coffee

References

[edit]

Citations

[edit]

Bibliography

[edit]

• Curtis, Garniss H.; Lewin, Roger; Swisher III, Carl C. (2001).
  Coffee Human being: How Two Geologists Inverse Our Agreement of Human Evolution. Chicago: Academy of Chicago Press. p. 70. ISBN978-0-226-78734-3.
  
• Dennell, Robin (2008).
  The Palaeolithic Settlement of Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 155. doi:x.1017/CBO9780511818882. ISBN978-1-316-58307-four.
  
• Lukens-Bull, Ronald (2005).
  A Peaceful Jihad: Negotiating Identity and Modernity in Muslim Coffee. London: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN978-1-4039-6658-2.
  
• Pramono, S.B. (2013).
  Piwulang Basa Jawa Pepak
  (in Javanese). Yogyakarta: Grafindo Litera Media. p. 148. ISBN978-979-3-896-380.
  
• Weatherford, Jack (2004).
  Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World. New York Metropolis: Crown and Three Rivers Press. p. 239. ISBN0-609-80964-iv.
  

External links

[edit]

• 
  East Coffee travel guide from Wikivoyage
• 
  Official website
  
  (in Indonesian)