Are Legacy Firmware Included in Debian Live Image

Are Legacy Firmware Included in Debian Live Image

This page is mainly intended to describe UEFI for Debian purposes:
what’s supported in Debian and how to use it, plus some
troubleshooting tips.

See the

Wikipedia page
for vastly more information about information technology in general, or there’s lots of other information in the
Links
department beneath.

What is UEFI?

(U)EFI stands for (Unified) Extensible Firmware Interface. It’southward a
standard specification for the firmware interface on a computer, and
it has been implemented by multiple vendors on various platforms.

See
Grub2#UEFI_vs_BIOS_boot
for a comparison of BIOS and UEFI kick
via Grub, the default bootloader in Debian.

History and naming

UEFI started life equally Intel’s EFI specification. Information technology was first seen in
the wild on Itanium (ia64) machines and that’s where Debian’s first
support started too.

Later, Intel passed control over the EFI specification to the

UEFI Forum
and they continued developing
newer versions of the specification. The
U
for
Unified
was
added to the name at this point. In most references here and elsewhere
on the net, EFI and UEFI are interchangeable terms to describe the
same thing.

There are multiple further $.25 of terminology hither, and things are
often dislocated. Then let’s explicate!


  • UEFI

    is actually a set of
    interface specifications, goose egg more.

  • The
    reference implementation
    of the UEFI specifications is called

    edk2

    or

    EDK II

    (EFI Development Kit, version 2). Code can exist institute at
    https://github.com/tianocore/edk2
    .


  • Tianocore

    is the name of the upstream evolution group working on the Open Source EDK II project – see
    https://www.tianocore.org/
    for more than data.


  • OVMF

    (Open up Virtual Machine Firmware) is a build of edk2 designed to be used as firmware for a virtual automobile.

Many commercial UEFI firmware implementations are built on top of
edk2, with changes commonly being fabricated to add platform initialisation
and a pretty GUI on the front stop.

Architectures supported

UEFI has been supported
to some extent
on v of Debian’due south architectures:

  • 64-fleck Itanium (ia64
    in Debian)

  • 64-chip x86-64 (amd64)

  • 32-fleck x86 (i386)

  • 32-bit ARM (armhf)

  • 64-bit Aarch64 (arm64)

There are some caveats, though…

  • Since the Debian Jessie release (8.0), ia64 is no longer a release architecture in Debian
  • Support for 32-flake ARM systems (armhf) is simply available in Debian Buster (10.0) onwards, and is still under development at the time of writing.

It’due south a off-white bet to assume that RISC-5 might end upwards with UEFI support
in the hereafter too.

PC platform: BIOS, UEFI, CSM etc.

On the PC architectures (amd64 and i386), UEFI-based firmware is a
relatively new replacement for the aboriginal BIOS (Basic Input/Output
System
) that has existed ever since the PC was first developed in
the 1980s. The old BIOS systems have strict limitations due to their
ancient design, running in 16-bit mode with access to simply 1MB of
retentivity, and express access to other resources similar disks. UEFI
firmware is normally fully native and and then should be able to access all
the arrangement memory and all the devices.

For the sake of backwards compatibility, many current PCs using UEFI
besides include a Compatibility Support Module (CSM), actress support code
that will continue to kicking in the former BIOS style. Over time, this
support volition near likely be phased out. Some systems were already
being sold UEFI-only (i.e. with no CSM) in 2014.

x86 virtual machines tin can be run using qemu with either BIOS or UEFI
firmware. qemu will default to BIOS using SeaBIOS, but information technology can also run
OVMF. Debian includes builds of OVMF for amd64 in the
ovmf
package.

ARM64 platform: UEFI, U-Boot, Fastboot, etc.

Some Aarch64 machines (arm64) use U-Boot or other options like
Fastboot for their firmware, but virtually general-purpose arm64 machines
(e.one thousand. those intended for use every bit servers) should exist expected to use
UEFI, typically via a build of edk2.

Debian includes edk2-based VM firmware for arm64 in the

qemu-efi
bundle. For some reason this is frequently described every bit

AAVMF
to distinguish it from
OVMF
for x86. It’s basically
the same software.

ARM32 platform: UEFI, U-Boot, Fastboot, etc.

Most Arm machines (armhf) use U-Boot or other options like Fastboot
for their firmware, but some machines can run edk2 as well directly.

Once more, edk2 is also a good option for firmware for 32-bit Arm
VMs. Debian includes this firmware in the
qemu-efi-arm
parcel.

Contempo versions of U-Kicking have too included some limited UEFI
functionality. This is designed to exist “just plenty UEFI” to support
common operations, without including a lot of the more than complicated
possibilities underneath.

Disk sectionalisation: MS-DOS and GPT

Historically, the most common method of partitioning disks on PC
platforms has been the MS-DOS standard using a Master Boot Record
(MBR) and a tiny limited partition table with space to describe only iv
“primary” partitions. This is what BIOS systems yet use to
engagement. There are several important limitations that come with this
scheme, only the near obvious one is the size limit of 2TB per
deejay. Back when this partitioning format was invented, a 100MB deejay
was large. Today, multi-terabyte disks are the norm.

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UEFI also includes support for a newer partition format: the GUID
Sectionalization Table (GPT). It’s much more than flexible than the MS-DOS choice,
including:

  • many more partitions (up to 128 per disk)
  • much larger disks (upwardly to 8ZB: viii,000,000,000 TB)
  • much improve definitions of what each partition might be used for

Booting a UEFI auto normally

Regular UEFI boot has several lists of possible boot entries, stored
in UEFI config variables (normally in NVRAM), and boot order config
variables stored alongside them. It allows for many different boot
options, and a properly-defined fallback order. In many cases, you can
even list and cull which OS / boot loader to use from the system
kicking menu (similar to the kick device menu implemented in many
BIOSes). Unfortunately, a lot of PC UEFI implementations have got this
wrong and so don’t work properly.

The correct style for this to work when booting off local deejay is for a
boot variable to indicate to a vendor-specific bootloader plan in

\EFI\$vendor\$bootloader.efi

on the EFI System Partition (ESP), a specially tagged sectionalization which
is unremarkably formatted using FAT32.

Debian installs grub-efi for its EFI bootloader, equally:

Architecture

Path

amd64

\EFI\debian\grubx64.efi

i386

\EFI\debian\grubia32.efi

arm64

\EFI\debian\grubaa64.efi

armhf

\EFI\debian\grubarm.efi

Each version of Grub here contains all the code and configuration that
Grub needs to work from that indicate.

By using split vendor directories like this, UEFI allows for clean
interoperability betwixt vendors. If only the firmware developers were
competent…
:-(
Some implementations ignore the boot society
birthday, some filter it and will just run things that merits to be
“Windows”, etc. Run into below for tips on how to piece of work around some of the
known bugs in broken UEFI implementations.

If at that place are no kicking variables pointing to a bootloader program in the
ESP, or if the user has told the organization appropriately, it volition look
for bootloaders in sure specific paths too. On each device, information technology will
wait for FAT32 filesystems. Within each of those, it will expect for a
specifically-named bootloader file, again with a different name per
architecture:

Architecture

Path

amd64

\EFI\boot\bootx64.efi

i386

\EFI\boot\bootia32.efi

arm64

\EFI\kicking\bootaa64.efi

armhf

\EFI\kick\bootarm.efi

The different names are deliberate – it allows for ane deejay or CD to
contain kicking files for multiple architectures with no clashes.

On Debian installation media, each of these files is again a copy of
chow-efi with sufficient built-in code and configuration to detect the
remainder of the organization from there.

debian-installer support

debian-installer’due south support for UEFI is mostly contained in two
modules.

First comes the partman-efi module, and this will be loaded
automatically if d-i recognises it has been booted in UEFI
manner. partman-efi volition cope with both MS-DOS and GPT partitioned
disks, just volition offer to utilize GPT by preference on disks that are not
already partitioned. It knows how to fix an ESP with appropriate
partition type and filesystem if necessary, and will ensure it’south
correctly mounted on the installed organisation later. If the organization already
has an ESP, partman-efi volition try to utilize that rather than create a
new ane. This is for interoperability with existing operating systems
in dual-boot systems.

Once the normal installation procedure has been completed, the second
major component with UEFI support comes into play: grub-installer. It
will install the grub-efi bootloader to the right location in the ESP
and volition use
efibootmgr
to register that bootloader
with the firmware. On correctly-working systems, this should piece of work
without needing any user interaction. This module volition automatically
find the ESP and install its files in the right place, leaving no
space for defoliation on where kicking files are saved (as can happen with
MBR/MS-DOS systems).

The initial support to make UEFI amd64 systems direct installable in
Debian was added in Wheezy (7.0) Back up was later added for i386 and
arm64 systems for Jessie (eight.0), along with a number of quirks and bug
workarounds. Encounter below for more details almost those. Support for armhf
was added in Buster (10.0).

efibootmgr and efivar

The Linux kernel gives access to the UEFI configuration variables via
a fix of files under
/sys, using two different interfaces.

The older interface was
efivars, showing files under

/sys/firmware/efi/vars, and this is what was used past default in
both Wheezy and Jessie.

The new interface is
efivarfs, which will betrayal things in a
slightly dissimilar format under
/sys/firmware/efi/efivars. This
is the new preferred way of using UEFI configuration variables, and
Debian switched to it past default from Stretch onwards.

The verbal details of these interfaces are hidden from view somewhat by

efibootmgr
and
efivar, userland software packages
written to work with them. Initially, all of the code was written
directly in
efibootmgr
but more than recently the lower-level code
has been dissever out into the library
efivar
to make information technology easier
to share this code with other utilities like
fwupd. Read the
human being pages for these for full details, but hither are a couple of
examples from a organisation with
many
devices:

efibootmgr example 1 – display boot entries

        # efibootmgr
        BootCurrent: 0019
        Timeout: 0 seconds
        BootOrder: 0019,0006,0007,0008,0009,000A,000B,000C,000D,000E,000F,0010,0011,0012,0013
        Boot0000  Setup
        Boot0001  Kick Menu
        Boot0002  Diagnostic Splash Screen
        Boot0003  Startup Interrupt Carte du jour
        Boot0004  ME Configuration Bill of fare
        Boot0005  Rescue and Recovery
        Boot0006* USB CD
        Boot0007* USB FDD
        Boot0008* ATAPI CD0
        Boot0009* ATA HDD2
        Boot000A* ATA HDD0
        Boot000B* ATA HDD1
        Boot000C* USB HDD
        Boot000D* PCI LAN
        Boot000E* ATAPI CD1
        Boot000F* ATAPI CD2
        Boot0010  Other CD
        Boot0011* ATA HDD3
        Boot0012* ATA HDD4
        Boot0013  Other HDD
        Boot0014* IDER BOOT CDROM
        Boot0015* IDER BOOT Floppy
        Boot0016* ATA HDD
        Boot0017* ATAPI CD:
        Boot0018* PCI LAN
        Boot0019* debian

efibootmgr example ii – verbose display of boot entries

The same as example 1, only with more detail (including the GUIDs used
to identify devices).

        # efibootmgr -v
        BootCurrent: 0019
        Timeout: 0 seconds
        BootOrder: 0019,0006,0007,0008,0009,000A,000B,000C,000D,000E,000F,0010,0011,0012,0013
        Boot0000  Setup FvFile(721c8b66-426c-4e86-8e99-3457c46ab0b9)
        Boot0001  Boot Menu     FvFile(126a762d-5758-4fca-8531-201a7f57f850)
        Boot0002  Diagnostic Splash Screen      FvFile(a7d8d9a6-6ab0-4aeb-ad9d-163e59a7a380)
        Boot0003  Startup Interrupt Carte du jour        FvFile(f46ee6f4-4785-43a3-923d-7f786c3c8479)
        Boot0004  ME Configuration Bill of fare FvFile(82988420-7467-4490-9059-feb448dd1963)
        Boot0005  Rescue and Recovery   FvFile(665d3f60-ad3e-4cad-8e26-db46eee9f1b5)
        Boot0006* USB CD        VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,86701296aa5a7848b66cd49dd3ba6a55)
        Boot0007* USB FDD       VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,6ff015a28830b543a8b8641009461e49)
        Boot0008* ATAPI CD0     VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,aea2090adfde214e8b3a5e471856a35401)
        Boot0009* ATA HDD2      VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,91af625956449f41a7b91f4f892ab0f602)
        Boot000A* ATA HDD0      VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,91af625956449f41a7b91f4f892ab0f600)
        Boot000B* ATA HDD1      VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,91af625956449f41a7b91f4f892ab0f601)
        Boot000C* USB HDD       VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,33e821aaaf33bc4789bd419f88c50803)
        Boot000D* PCI LAN       VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,78a84aaf2b2afc4ea79cf5cc8f3d3803)
        Boot000E* ATAPI CD1     VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,aea2090adfde214e8b3a5e471856a35403)
        Boot000F* ATAPI CD2     VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,aea2090adfde214e8b3a5e471856a35404)
        Boot0010  Other CD      VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,aea2090adfde214e8b3a5e471856a35406)
        Boot0011* ATA HDD3      VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,91af625956449f41a7b91f4f892ab0f603)
        Boot0012* ATA HDD4      VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,91af625956449f41a7b91f4f892ab0f604)
        Boot0013  Other HDD     VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,91af625956449f41a7b91f4f892ab0f606)
        Boot0014* IDER Kicking CDROM       ACPI(a0341d0,0)PCI(16,2)ATAPI(0,1,0)
        Boot0015* IDER Kick Floppy      ACPI(a0341d0,0)PCI(16,ii)ATAPI(0,0,0)
        Boot0016* ATA HDD       VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,91af625956449f41a7b91f4f892ab0f6)
        Boot0017* ATAPI CD:     VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,aea2090adfde214e8b3a5e471856a354)
        Boot0018* PCI LAN       VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,78a84aaf2b2afc4ea79cf5cc8f3d3803)
        Boot0019* debian        Hd(1,800,f3800,042e27b6-2c33-4d0e-8ee4-d579c3e39a1e)File(\EFI\debian\grubx64.efi)

efibootmgr example iii – add a new boot entry

Create a new boot entry, pointing to a bootloader program on disk
/dev/sdb, partition 1; write a new signature to the MBR if needed;
call it “debian”; the bootloader program is in \EFI\debian\grubx64.efi

        # efibootmgr -c -d /dev/sdb -p 1 -west -50 debian -50 '\EFI\debian\grubx64.efi'
        BootCurrent: 0019
        Timeout: 0 seconds
        BootOrder: 0019,0006,0007,0008,0009,000A,000B,000C,000D,000E,000F,0010,0011,0012,0013
        Boot0000  Setup
        Boot0001  Boot Menu
        Boot0002  Diagnostic Splash Screen
        Boot0003  Startup Interrupt Menu
        Boot0004  ME Configuration Carte
        Boot0005  Rescue and Recovery
        Boot0006* USB CD
        Boot0007* USB FDD
        Boot0008* ATAPI CD0
        Boot0009* ATA HDD2
        Boot000A* ATA HDD0
        Boot000B* ATA HDD1
        Boot000C* USB HDD
        Boot000D* PCI LAN
        Boot000E* ATAPI CD1
        Boot000F* ATAPI CD2
        Boot0010  Other CD
        Boot0011* ATA HDD3
        Boot0012* ATA HDD4
        Boot0013  Other HDD
        Boot0014* IDER Kick CDROM
        Boot0015* IDER BOOT Floppy
        Boot0016* ATA HDD
        Boot0017* ATAPI CD:
        Boot0018* PCI LAN
        Boot0019* debian

Quirks, workarounds and special UEFI features in Debian and Debian-Installer

Initial back up for UEFI installation was added for amd64 in Wheezy
(seven.0). This worked for many users, merely various users reported
issues. About of these were not straight bugs in Debian’due south UEFI support,
but withal we have added workarounds to help these people.

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Dual-booting systems currently installed using BIOS fallback boot

Quite a number of early UEFI systems were shipped with a non-UEFI
installation of Windows 7 pre-installed, and the firmware ready to
attempt UEFI boot start and BIOS boot second. This worked fine for
users, merely the moment a new operating organization was installed alongside
that re-create of Windows, it would be hard/incommunicable to dual-boot
it.

debian-installer will now warn the user if it is booted in UEFI fashion
but tin can detect it only not-UEFI existing Os installations. Information technology gives them
the selection to switch the installer to non-UEFI mode from this point
forwards so they don’t break potential dual-kicking
setup.

(763127)

Force grub-efi installation to the removable media path

Many UEFI firmware implementations are unfortunately buggy, as
mentioned before. Despite the specification for kicking entries and boot
order being quite clear about how things should work, there are lots
of systems in the wild which get it incorrect. Some systems but ignore
valid requests to add together new kick entries. Others will take those
requests, simply will refuse to employ them unless they depict themselves
equally “Windows” or like. There are lots of other like bugs out
there, suggesting that many organization vendors have washed very little
testing beyond “does it work with Windows?”

As described above, on a UEFI organisation bootloaders should be installed
simply in the correct vendor-specific directory in the EFI Organization
Partition (ESP). But, because of the buggy firmware implementations
out there, operating system distributors cannot necessarily expect
that this volition work correctly for all systems. Microsoft have worked
around this (and arguably also fabricated the trouble
worse) – the
Windows installer
too
installs to the removable media path in the
ESP (eastward.grand.
\EFI\boot\bootx64.efi
for amd64/X64 systems). All
firmware implentations have to utilise this path to be able to run an OS
installer. This means that Windows will e’er work on all these
broken implementations, but it also means that system vendors can get
away with shipping broken implementations. It removes the thought of
having a fallback kicking path and sensible control of boot order.

All Os installers installing things to this removable media path will
disharmonize with whatsoever other such installers, which is bad and
incorrect. That’due south why in Debian we
don’t
practice this by default.

Notwithstanding, to assist support those unfortunate people who own buggy
systems like this there is an option to force grub-efi installation to
the removable media path also. There is a d-i Rescue Mode option to
force this – if you’ve merely installed Debian on your UEFI system but
it won’t kick Debian later, this may gear up the trouble for you. It
can also be selected during the normal installation run using Adept
mode, or preseed users tin can add the following option in their
configuration (for amd64, tweak the package name to suit on other
architectures):

grub-efi-amd64  grub2/force_efi_extra_removable boolean true

You can likewise select this by using
dpkg-reconfigure grub-efi-amd64. Amid other questions asked, this is the one to look for:

removable-media-path.png

(746662)

If a bootable Debian Installer image is not bachelor only copy

\EFI\debian\grubx64.efi
to
\EFI\kicking\bootx64.efi
using
whatever ways are bachelor (other operating system, connect the
storage device to a different computer, etc.).

As the name implies, installing grub-efi to the removable media path
tin be useful (or even necessary) for portable Debian installations
on removable media.

32-bit x86 PC (i386) back up for UEFI

In Wheezy (Debian 7.0), i386 UEFI support was intentionally omitted
for a variety of reasons. Nevertheless, since so lots more UEFI-only x86
machines were produced so we enabled it. Since Debian Jessie (8.0), all
standard i386 Debian installation media should piece of work for UEFI
installation every bit well equally in BIOS mode, but like on amd64.

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Support for mixed-mode systems: 64-bit system with 32-scrap UEFI

Some systems have been released containing 64-bit Intel Atom CPUs
(such equally the Bay Trail), but unfortunately use 32-scrap UEFI firmware with
no BIOS compatibility mode. Using the 32-bit UEFI x86 support, an i386
installation should be possible on these machines but information technology won’t brand
the most of the 64-bit hardware.

Debian Jessie (8.0) was the outset Linux distribution to include full
support for mixed-way UEFI installation on these machines. The
multi-arch installation media (available in netinst course) include the
UEFI boot loaders necessary for both i386 and amd64 boot. By selecting
“64-bit install” from the initial boot carte du jour, debian-installer will
install a 64-bit (amd64) version of Debian. The system will
automatically detect that the underlying UEFI firmware is 32-bit and
volition install the appropriate version of grub-efi to work with it.

Missing features

Although Debian releases since Wheezy (seven.0) have included general UEFI
support, there were some features that have were not implemented
immediately.

UEFI back up in live images

Since the kickoff release of Stretch (9.0),
UEFI has been supported on both installation and alive images.

In previous releases UEFI back up existed only in Debian’s installation
images. The accompanying live images did not have back up for UEFI
kicking.

UEFI Secure Boot

Debian has supported UEFI Secure Boot from Buster (10.0) onwards for

amd64,
i386
and
arm64. See
SecureBoot
for more
details on how this works. It is supported for all the installation
media and alive media that we create for these 3 platforms.

RAID for the EFI System Partition

This is arguably a mis-design in the UEFI specification – the ESP is a
single point of failure on one disk. For systems with hardware RAID,
that will provide some backup in instance of disk failure. But for
software RAID systems there is currently no support for putting the
ESP on two separate disks in RAID. There
might
be a manner to exercise
something useful with fallback options, merely this will need some
investigation…

Troubleshooting mutual issues

How to reinstall the chow-efi bootloader on Debian

See
GrubEFIReinstall

Could non read EFI vars under RT kernel

Due to high latency, EFI variable access is obviously disabled by
default on RT kernel (see

patch). You could
enable things by passing kernel command line efi=runtime

How to tell if y’all’ve booted via UEFI

The Debian installer splash screen volition say it’s the UEFI installer,
and will wait slightly dissimilar to the equivalent screen in BIOS
mode. BIOS boot is done via isolinux/syslinux, but UEFI kicking is washed
using grub.

BIOS kicking in d-i

UEFI boot in d-i

BIOS-boot.png

UEFI-boot.png

Later on, the thing to look for is the directory

/sys/firmware/efi. If that exists, the organisation is running in UEFI
mode.

Diagnosing issues with kicking lodge

efibootmgr
is your friend. Run it without parameters to
but listing the kick options and kick order on your organisation, or add

-5
for more detail of where each boot entry points.

Later that, check to see if you accept Secure Kick enabled – we didn’t
support Secure Kicking until version ten.0 (Buster).

If that nevertheless doesn’t help, yous may accept a buggy firmware
implementation. Endeavor installing to the removable media path – run into above
for instructions.

chow-install unable to ready kicking variables

There are a few circumstances that can crusade this problem.

A common crusade on x86 PC-blazon systems is using an EFI System Partition
that is not accessible to the firmware (e.chiliad past using

Software RAID for the ESP).
This will show errors similar the post-obit:

        Installing for x86_64-efi platform.
        grub-install: alert: efivarfs_get_variable: open(/sys/firmware/efi/efivars/blk0-47c7b225-c42a-11d2-8e57-00a0c969723b): No such file or directory.
        grub-install: warning: efi_get_variable: ops->get_variable failed: No such file or directory.
        chow-install: alert: efi_va_generate_file_device_path_from_esp: could not open device for ESP: Bad address.
        chow-install: alert: efi_generate_file_device_path_from_esp: could not generate File DP from ESP: Bad address.
        grub-install: error: failed to annals the EFI boot entry: Bad accost.
        Failed: grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --force-extra-removable
        WARNING: Bootloader is not properly installed, organization may not be bootable

Another common crusade for failure here is firmware that supports some
of the UEFI interfaces needed for boot, merely
not
runtime setting
of UEFI boot variables. This is (currently) about commonly seen on
smaller arm64 systems that utilise U-Boot, e.one thousand. the Rock64. This volition look
something like:

        Installing for arm64-efi platform.
        chow-install: alert: Cannot prepare EFI variable Boot0000.
        grub-install: warning: efivarfs_set_variable: failed to open /sys/firmware/efi/efivars/Boot0000-8be4df61-93ca-11d2-aa0d-00e098032b8c for writing: Read-only file organization.
        grub-install: alert: _efi_set_variable_mode: ops->set_variable() failed: Read-only file system.
        grub-install: error: failed to register the EFI kicking entry: Read-only file system.

In
both
cases, the easiest workaround is to tweak configuration
for
grub-efi-Arch
using
dpkg-reconfigure. Equally already
mentioned

earlier,
information technology is possible to configure Debian’s chow-efi packages to install to
the removable media path. Information technology’s also possible to tell them to
not
attempt to update UEFI boot variables in the NVRAM:

update-nvram.png

Doing both of these volition stop the errors here. We hope that in future
these workarounds will non be necessary, at to the lowest degree for virtually users.

At that place are lots of other UEFI resources on the internet. Particularly useful ones include:

The best identify to talk about UEFI back up in Debian is the mailing
list:
mailto:[email protected]
or in our irc channel
(#debian-efi
on irc.debian.org)

Are Legacy Firmware Included in Debian Live Image

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